Architectural Details: Caern and Hexagonal Tower Studies

American architect Arnold William Brunner's working sketches document structural elements and decorative details from medieval fortifications. The sheet presents architectural ornaments labeled "Caern" alongside elevation studies of hexagonal tower construction and corbelled stonework. These analytical drawings reveal the systematic approach architectural schools taught: breaking historic buildings into component parts for study and replication. Such working sketches, produced during site research or architectural training, became the foundation for revival styles that dominated late-nineteenth-century American building design.