Sketch of Landscape and Staircase

This dual-panel sketch by architect Arnold William Brunner combines two distinct architectural studies. The left panel depicts a waterfront scene with sailboats, figures along a beach or dock, and distant maritime activity rendered in pen and ink with loose hatching. The right panel shows an interior staircase with detailed balustrade and architectural elements. Brunner's working method—rapid pen notation capturing spatial relationships and light through linear marks—reflects the architectural sketch tradition of the late nineteenth century, where such studies served as visual thinking tools for design development and composition.