Max und Moritz — Plate 1 of 59

This opening plate from Wilhelm Busch's *Max und Moritz* presents an ornamental title page rather than a narrative vignette: two cherubic boy figures perch within symmetrical vine-and-foliage borders, flanking a silhouetted bird at center top. The dense cross-hatching and fluid ink line are characteristic of Busch's wood-engraving technique, where tonal weight is built through layered strokes rather than flat fill. Though decorative, the plate frames the mischievous protagonists as fixtures of a natural world they will soon torment. Busch's seven-episode picture-story — rhymed couplets locked to sequential drawings — directly shaped the grammar of comics: panel-by-panel causality, expressive exaggeration, and image-text unity. It influenced Rudolph Dirks's *Katzenjammer Kids* (1897), arguably the first recurring newspaper comic strip.