Munsey's Magazine, October 1914

War of the Nations by Svetozar Tonjoroff This historical analysis examines the origins and initial phases of World War I, presented in Munsey's Magazine (October 1914). The article traces the conflict from the July 23 Austrian ultimatum to Serbia through the broader European mobilizations. It traces the crisis through diplomatic exchanges: Russia's defense of Serbia's "sovereign rights," Serbia's partial rejection of Austrian demands (specifically refusing Austrian police involvement in investigations), and Austria's declaration of war. The text details Germany's subsequent ultimatums to Russia, followed by German declarations against Russia and France. Germany's invasion of Belgium prompted British intervention, while France mobilized along its German border and toward Alsace-Lorraine. The article documents the alignment of the Triple Entente (Britain, France, Russia) against Austria-Hungary and Germany, with Italy announcing neutrality. Extensive accompanying photographs present major political and military figures including Kaiser William II, Czar Nicholas II, and various military commanders.